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References

Simmons BP, Bosch JP, eds. Hands: Strategies for Strong, Pain-Free Hands. Boston, MA: Harvard Health Publications; 2006.

US Dept. of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Lost-worktime Injuries and Illnesses: Characteristics and Resulting Time Away From Work, 2004. December 13, 2005.

Wong SM, Hui AC, Lo SK, Chiu JH, Poon WF, Wong L. Single vs. two steroid injections for carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomised clinical trial. Int J Clin Pract. 2005 Dec;59(12):1417-21.

Nalamachu S, Crockett RS, Mathur D. Lidocaine patch 5 for carpal tunnel syndrome: how it compares with injections: a pilot study. J Fam Pract. 2006 Mar;55(3):209-14.

Singh R, Gamble G, Cundy T. Lifetime risk of symptomatic carpal tunnel syndrome in Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2005;22:625-630.

Bland JD. The relationship of obesity, age, and carpal tunnel syndrome: more complex than was thought? Muscle Nerve. 2005;32:527-532.

Nora DB, Becker J, Ehlers JA, Gomes I. Clinical features of 1039 patients with neurophysiological diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2004;107:64-69. 

Bahrami MH, Rayegani SM, Fereidouni M, Baghbani M. Prevalence and severity of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) during pregnancy. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 2005;45:123-125. 

Werner RA, Franzblau A, Gell N, Hartigan AG, Ebersole M, Armstrong TJ. Incidence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Among Automobile Assembly Workers and Assessment of Risk Factors. J Occup Environ Med. 2005;47:1044-1050. 

Akuthota V, Plastaras C, Lindberg K, Tobey J, Press J, Garvan C.  The effect of long-distance bicycling on ulnar and median nerves: an electrophysiologic evaluation of cyclist palsy. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:1224-1230.

Nakamichi K, Tachibana S. Hypercholesterolemia as a risk factor for idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. Muscle Nerve. 2005;32:364-367. 

Schwartz DA. Clinical outcomes of carpal tunnel release in patients 65 and older. J Hand Ther. 2005;18:386-387. 

Schreiber JE, Foran MP, Schreiber DJ, Wilgis EF. Common risk factors seen in secondary carpal tunnel surgery. Ann Plast Surg. 2005;55:262-265. 

Thoma A, Veltri K, Haines T, Duku E. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing endoscopic and open carpal tunnel decompression. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;114:1137-1146. 

Cellocco P, Rossi C, Bizzarri F, Patrizio L, Costanzo G. Mini-open blind procedure versus limited open technique for carpal tunnel release: a 30-month follow-up study.J Hand Surg [Am]. 2005;30:493-499. 

Werner RA, Franzblau A, Gell N. Randomized controlled trial of nocturnal splinting for active workers with symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86:1-7. 

Ly-Pen D, Andreu JL, de Blas G, Sanchez-Olaso A, Millan I. Surgical decompression versus local steroid injection in carpal tunnel syndrome: a one-year, prospective, randomized, open, controlled clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:612-619. 

Hui AC, Wong S, Leung CH, et al. A randomized controlled trial of surgery vs steroid injection for carpal tunnel syndrome. Neurology. 2005;64:2074-2078. 

Aygul R, Ulvi H, Karatay S, Deniz O, Varoglu AO. Determination of sensitive electrophysiologic parameters at follow-up of different steroid treatments of carpal tunnel syndrome. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2005;22:222-230. 

Irvine J, Chong SL, Amirjani N, Chan KM. Double-blind randomized controlled trial of low-level laser therapy in carpal tunnel syndrome. Muscle Nerve. 2004;30:182-187. 

David WS, Chaudhry V, Dubin AH, Shields RW Jr. Literature review: nervepace digital electroneurometer in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Muscle Nerve. 2003;27:378-385. 

Amirfeyz R, Gozzard C, Leslie IJ. Hand elevation test for assessment of carpal tunnel syndrome. J Hand Surg [Br]. 2005;30:361-364. 

Lee CH, Kim TK, Yoon ES, Dhong ES. Correlation of high-resolution ultrasonographic findings with the clinical symptoms and electrodiagnostic data in carpal tunnel syndrome.Ann Plast Surg. 2005;54:20-23.

Stevenson JR, Blake JM, Douglas TF, Kercheval DM. Does continuous passive motion during keyboarding affect hand blood flow and wrist function? A prospective case report.Work. 2005;24:145-155. 


Review Date: 4/1/2006
Reviewed By: Harvey Simon, MD, Editor-in-Chief, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Physician, Massachusetts General Hospital