Definition
Gastritis is an inflammation (swelling) of the lining of the stomach.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
There are many causes of gastritis.
The most common are:
- Alcohol
- Erosion (loss) of the protective layer of the stomach lining
- Infection of the stomach with Helicobacter pylori bacteria
- Medications (such as aspirin or anti-inflammatory drugs)
- Smoking
Less common causes are:
- Autoimmune disorders (such as pernicious anemia)
- Backflow of bile into the stomach (bile reflux)
- Eating or drinking caustic or corrosive substances (such as poisons)
- Excess gastric acid secretion (such as from stress)
- Viral infection, especially in people with a weak immune system
Gastritis can occur suddenly (acute gastritis) or gradually (chronic gastritis).
Symptoms
- Abdominal pain
- Abdominal indigestion
- Dark stools
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Vomiting blood or coffee-ground like material
Signs and tests
Tests vary depending on the specific cause. An X-ray of the upper digestive tract, EGD, or other tests may be advised.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the specific cause. Some of the causes will disappear over time. Medications to decrease stomach acid release may be recommended.
Expectations (prognosis)
The outlook depends on the cause, but is usually good.
Complications
See the specific types of gastritis.
Calling your health care provider
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you develop gastritis symptoms.
Prevention
Avoid long-term use of irritants (such as aspirin, anti-inflammatory drugs, or alcohol).
| • | Bile |
| • | Autoimmune disorders |
| • | Stomach acid test |
| • | Gastritis - acute |
| • | Gastritis - chronic |
Reviewed By: Jenifer K. Lehrer, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Frankford-Torresdale Hospital, Jefferson Health System, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
